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[announcer]

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<i>Help everyone explore</i>

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<i>new worlds and ideals.</i>

4
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<i>Support your PBS station.</i>

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[narrator]<i> At the beginning</i>

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<i>of our nine months</i>

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<i>in the womb,</i>

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<i>we all start off the same,</i>

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<i>a generic fetus.</i>

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<i>By eight weeks,</i>

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<i>our bodies are built,</i>

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<i>but we're not</i>

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<i>yet individuals.</i>

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<i>But, from now on, a series</i>

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<i>of dramatic events</i>

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<i>will take place, making</i>

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<i>every one of us unique.</i>

18
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<i>The latest cutting-edge</i>

19
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<i>science means</i>

20
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<i>we can hone in</i>

21
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<i>on the weeks, days,</i>

22
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<i>even hours</i>

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<i>when our faces form,</i>

24
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<i>our fingertips develop...</i>

25
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<i>and our skin</i>

26
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<i>takes on its color.</i>

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[crowd cheering]

28
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<i>And it's not</i>

29
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<i>just our bodies.</i>

30
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<i>Our brains will receive</i>

31
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<i>powerful hormones</i>

32
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<i>that influence</i>

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<i>our personalities.</i>

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[man]

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If I turned around and

36
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there was a giant wave,

37
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I would be almost

38
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in a zombie-like state.

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And I would be drawn to it.

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[narrator]<i> And our feelings</i>

41
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<i>about sex and gender</i>

42
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<i>may even be established</i>

43
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<i>long before birth.</i>

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Your mom and dad

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think you're a boy,

46
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then you're actually a girl.

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[narrator]<i> In this episode,</i>

48
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<i>we will follow</i>

49
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<i>the magical metamorphosis</i>

50
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<i>that happens to us all</i>

51
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<i>as we transform from</i>

52
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<i>a generic eight-week fetus</i>

53
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<i>into the unique</i>

54
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<i>individuals we are.</i>

55
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[rooster crowing]

56
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[indistinct chatter]

57
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[narrator]<i> In this remote</i>

58
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<i>corner of the Caribbean,</i>

59
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<i>the sense of tradition</i>

60
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<i>is strong.</i>

61
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<i>Men and women tend to play</i>

62
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<i>very different roles.</i>

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<i>But this village harbors</i>

64
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<i>a strange secret.</i>

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<i>There are some people</i>

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<i>living here</i>

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<i>for whom life has been</i>

68
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<i>far from simple.</i>

69
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<i>It's eight weeks</i>

70
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<i>after conception</i>

71
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<i>and a pivotal change</i>

72
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<i>is about to take place.</i>

73
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<i>From a generic fetus,</i>

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<i>the very first</i>

75
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<i>signs of individuality</i>

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<i>are about to emerge.</i>

77
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<i>And this tiny body</i>

78
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<i>is about to reveal</i>

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<i>if it is male or female.</i>

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<i>It's a momentous change</i>

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<i>that will determine</i>

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<i>the entire course of life,</i>

83
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<i>but if it doesn't</i>

84
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<i>happen as it should,</i>

85
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<i>then life can be</i>

86
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<i>pretty confusing.</i>

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[speaking Spanish]

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[translator]<i> I remember</i>

89
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<i>that I used to wear</i>

90
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<i>a little red dress.</i>

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<i>It did not feel good.</i>

92
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<i>I didn't like to wear it.</i>

93
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<i>It made me</i>

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<i>feel uncomfortable.</i>

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[narrator]<i> When 24-year-old</i>

96
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<i>Jonny was born,</i>

97
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<i>his parents thought</i>

98
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<i>he was female.</i>

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<i>They named him Felicitas</i>

100
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<i>and raised him as a girl.</i>

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[translator]<i> I never liked</i>

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<i>to dress as a girl.</i>

103
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<i>And when they bought me</i>

104
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<i>toys for girls,</i>

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<i>I never bothered</i>

106
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<i>playing with them.</i>

107
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<i>When I saw a group of boys,</i>

108
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<i>I would stop to play ball</i>

109
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<i>with them.</i>

110
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<i>All I wanted to do</i>

111
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<i>is play with the boys.</i>

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[narrator]<i> At the moment of</i>

113
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<i>conception, we all inherit</i>

114
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<i>a set of</i>

115
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<i>genetic instructions</i>

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<i>that makes us physically</i>

117
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<i>male or female.</i>

118
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<i>But for the first few weeks,</i>

119
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<i>we all look the same.</i>

120
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<i>Until around eight weeks,</i>

121
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<i>when genetically</i>

122
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<i>male embryos</i>

123
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<i>release a critical hormone.</i>

124
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<i>Testosterone.</i>

125
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<i>This is what triggers</i>

126
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<i>the momentous</i>

127
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<i>physical transformation.</i>

128
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<i>That makes males</i>

129
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<i>grow a penis.</i>

130
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<i>But very occasionally,</i>

131
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<i>the body doesn't respond</i>

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<i>to this critical surge</i>

133
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<i>of testosterone...</i>

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<i>which is what</i>

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<i>happened to Jonny.</i>

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<i>In the narrow window of time</i>

137
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<i>when his body should have</i>

138
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<i>become fully male,</i>

139
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<i>it didn't process</i>

140
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<i>the hormone correctly.</i>

141
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<i>So the change</i>

142
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<i>was incomplete.</i>

143
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<i>And this is why</i>

144
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<i>Jonny's penis</i>

145
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<i>didn't grow while</i>

146
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<i>he was in the womb.</i>

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[speaking Spanish]

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[translator]<i> I was born</i>

149
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<i>at home instead</i>

150
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<i>of a hospital.</i>

151
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<i>They didn't know</i>

152
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<i>what sex I was.</i>

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[narrator]

154
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<i>Jonny is not alone.</i>

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<i>One in 90 of the males</i>

156
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<i>in this village are born</i>

157
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<i>without a penis,</i>

158
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<i>and they're brought up</i>

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<i>as girls.</i>

160
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<i>Like two-year-old Gaudalin.</i>

161
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<i>Shortly after birth,</i>

162
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<i>doctors noticed</i>

163
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<i>something unusual</i>

164
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<i>about her body.</i>

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[woman speaking Spanish]

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[translator]<i> They sent her</i>

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<i>for an ultrasound...</i>

168
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<i>And they noticed a problem.</i>

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[interviewer speaking

170
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Spanish]

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[translator]<i> She had</i>

172
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<i>two little testicles,</i>

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<i>one on each side.</i>

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[interviewer through

175
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translator]<i> And now,</i>

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<i>with that knowledge,</i>

177
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<i>do you still treat her</i>

178
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<i>like a girl?</i>

179
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[translator]<i> Yes,</i>

180
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<i>I think she's a girl.</i>

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[narrator]<i> Gaudalin,</i>

182
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<i>like Jonny,</i>

183
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<i>is biologically male.</i>

184
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<i>She inherited</i>

185
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<i>the Y chromosome</i>

186
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<i>that should have</i>

187
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<i>turned her into a boy.</i>

188
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<i>For the first eight</i>

189
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<i>weeks in the womb,</i>

190
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<i>whether male or female,</i>

191
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<i>we all have</i>

192
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<i>a small protrusion</i>

193
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<i>called a tubercle</i>

194
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<i>where our genitals</i>

195
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<i>will eventually grow</i>

196
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<i>and a set of internal glands</i>

197
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<i>called gonads.</i>

198
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<i>If you're male,</i>

199
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<i>a single gene</i>

200
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<i>on the Y chromosome</i>

201
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<i>instructs the gonads</i>

202
00:07:17,200 --> 00:07:20,200
<i>to become your testicles.</i>

203
00:07:22,200 --> 00:07:26,280
<i>Only now, do they produce</i>

204
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<i>a powerful type</i>

205
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<i>of testosterone</i>

206
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<i>called dihydrotestosterone.</i>

207
00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:38,000
<i>This transforms the tubercle</i>

208
00:07:34,360 --> 00:07:38,000
<i>into a penis.</i>

209
00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:54,480
<i>But if you're female, your</i>

210
00:07:50,320 --> 00:07:54,480
<i>gonads become your ovaries.</i>

211
00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,200
<i>You don't make</i>

212
00:07:54,520 --> 00:07:57,200
<i>dihydrotestosterone</i>

213
00:07:57,240 --> 00:07:59,800
<i>and your tubercle</i>

214
00:07:57,240 --> 00:07:59,800
<i>becomes a clitoris.</i>

215
00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:06,480
<i>Jonny and Gaudalin</i>

216
00:08:04,000 --> 00:08:06,480
<i>lack the enzyme</i>

217
00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:09,000
<i>that produces</i>

218
00:08:06,520 --> 00:08:09,000
<i>dihydrotestosterone.</i>

219
00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:14,120
<i>So, they couldn't grow</i>

220
00:08:11,480 --> 00:08:14,120
<i>a penis in the womb...</i>

221
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:21,640
<i>But extraordinarily, they</i>

222
00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:21,640
<i>can do so later in life.</i>

223
00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:31,160
<i>It's an extremely</i>

224
00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:31,160
<i>rare condition</i>

225
00:08:27,040 --> 00:08:31,160
<i>in the rest of the world,</i>

226
00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:33,160
<i>but in this village,</i>

227
00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:33,160
<i>it's so common</i>

228
00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:35,040
<i>that it's</i>

229
00:08:33,200 --> 00:08:35,040
<i>completely accepted.</i>

230
00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:40,200
<i>Nine-year-old Carla has been</i>

231
00:08:37,320 --> 00:08:40,200
<i>showing signs that</i>

232
00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:44,760
<i>she's not actually a girl</i>

233
00:08:40,240 --> 00:08:44,760
<i>for some time.</i>

234
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:49,040
[woman through translator]

235
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:49,040
<i>When she turned five,</i>

236
00:08:44,800 --> 00:08:49,040
<i>I began to notice changes.</i>

237
00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:51,080
<i>Whenever she saw</i>

238
00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:51,080
<i>one of her friends,</i>

239
00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:52,800
<i>she wanted</i>

240
00:08:51,120 --> 00:08:52,800
<i>to fight with him.</i>

241
00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,520
<i>Her muscles and chest</i>

242
00:08:53,960 --> 00:08:56,520
<i>began growing.</i>

243
00:08:56,560 --> 00:08:58,840
<i>You could see she was</i>

244
00:08:56,560 --> 00:08:58,840
<i>going to be a boy.</i>

245
00:09:04,560 --> 00:09:07,440
[narrator]<i> Carla is</i>

246
00:09:04,560 --> 00:09:07,440
<i>about to enter puberty,</i>

247
00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,280
<i>a time when all males</i>

248
00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,280
<i>get another surge</i>

249
00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:11,280
<i>of testosterone.</i>

250
00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:16,600
<i>Soon, her testicles</i>

251
00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:16,600
<i>will descend</i>

252
00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:20,320
<i>and her penis will</i>

253
00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:20,320
<i>start to grow.</i>

254
00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:24,640
<i>Because this time</i>

255
00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:24,640
<i>Carla doesn't need</i>

256
00:09:20,360 --> 00:09:24,640
<i>the dihydrotestosterone</i>

257
00:09:24,680 --> 00:09:26,760
<i>to make her genitals grow.</i>

258
00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:35,400
<i>She, like Jonny, is</i>

259
00:09:31,360 --> 00:09:35,400
<i>known as a</i> guevedoce,

260
00:09:35,440 --> 00:09:37,720
<i>which means "penis at 12."</i>

261
00:09:42,040 --> 00:09:45,840
<i>Her whole life is</i>

262
00:09:42,040 --> 00:09:45,840
<i>about to change.</i>

263
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:48,320
[woman through translator]

264
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:48,320
<i>She began asking</i>

265
00:09:45,880 --> 00:09:48,320
<i>at eight years old,</i>

266
00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:52,840
<i>"Cut my hair, I don't</i>

267
00:09:48,360 --> 00:09:52,840
<i>want it in braids."</i>

268
00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:55,240
[interviewer through

269
00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:55,240
translator]<i> You said</i>

270
00:09:52,880 --> 00:09:55,240
<i>you want to cut your hair.</i>

271
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,160
<i>How will you feel</i>

272
00:09:55,280 --> 00:09:57,160
<i>with short hair?</i>

273
00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:00,360
[translator]

274
00:09:58,840 --> 00:10:00,360
<i>I'll feel good, happy.</i>

275
00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:05,200
[narrator]

276
00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:05,200
<i>Carla's transition to</i>

277
00:10:02,240 --> 00:10:05,200
<i>boyhood is made easier</i>

278
00:10:05,240 --> 00:10:07,920
<i>because there's another</i>

279
00:10:05,240 --> 00:10:07,920
guevedoce<i> in the family.</i>

280
00:10:09,320 --> 00:10:11,720
<i>Her cousin Catherine.</i>

281
00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:14,200
<i>He officially became</i>

282
00:10:11,760 --> 00:10:14,200
<i>a boy at 11,</i>

283
00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:16,040
<i>but he hasn't</i>

284
00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:16,040
<i>changed his name.</i>

285
00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:22,080
<i>Together, they're off to the</i>

286
00:10:18,920 --> 00:10:22,080
<i>barbers for the first time.</i>

287
00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:26,800
[speaking Spanish]

288
00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:28,840
<i>When I see him</i>

289
00:10:26,840 --> 00:10:28,840
<i>with short hair,</i>

290
00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:32,120
<i>I think it'll help me</i>

291
00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:32,120
<i>understand he's a boy.</i>

292
00:10:39,000 --> 00:10:40,840
<i>I love her however she is.</i>

293
00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:43,680
<i>Girl or boy, it makes</i>

294
00:10:40,880 --> 00:10:43,680
<i>no difference.</i>

295
00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:49,720
[barber]<i> A new you!</i>

296
00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:51,600
[mother]

297
00:10:49,760 --> 00:10:51,600
<i>What do you look like?</i>

298
00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:53,120
-[speaking Spanish]

299
00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:53,120
-[translator]<i> A man!</i>

300
00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:56,560
<i>You used to have a sister.</i>

301
00:10:56,600 --> 00:10:57,800
<i>Now what do you have?</i>

302
00:10:57,840 --> 00:10:58,880
[child]<i> A brother.</i>

303
00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:13,360
[teacher]

304
00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:13,360
<i>From now on, this girl</i>

305
00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:13,360
<i>is going to be a boy.</i>

306
00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:17,680
<i>He is a boy,</i>

307
00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:17,680
<i>you must respect him</i>

308
00:11:13,400 --> 00:11:17,680
<i>and call him Carlos.</i>

309
00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,080
<i>Be friendly and don't</i>

310
00:11:17,720 --> 00:11:20,080
<i>make fun of him.</i>

311
00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:22,560
<i>Now you all know this,</i>

312
00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,800
<i>so, if you don't do</i>

313
00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,800
<i>what I say,</i>

314
00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:25,800
<i>you'll be punished.</i>

315
00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:31,400
[narrator]

316
00:11:29,760 --> 00:11:31,400
<i>It's 14 years since</i>

317
00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:35,480
<i>Jonny made</i>

318
00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:35,480
<i>his transformation</i>

319
00:11:31,440 --> 00:11:35,480
<i>into a male.</i>

320
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,360
[translator]

321
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,360
<i>When I changed, I was</i>

322
00:11:35,520 --> 00:11:38,360
<i>very happy with my life.</i>

323
00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:42,200
[narrator]

324
00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:42,200
<i>While most of them</i>

325
00:11:40,720 --> 00:11:42,200
<i>will not have</i>

326
00:11:42,240 --> 00:11:44,440
<i>children of their own,</i>

327
00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:47,240
<i>their dreams for the future</i>

328
00:11:44,480 --> 00:11:47,240
<i>are wide open.</i>

329
00:11:52,400 --> 00:11:53,840
[interviewer speaks Spanish]

330
00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:55,360
[translator]<i> Would you like</i>

331
00:11:53,880 --> 00:11:55,360
<i>to get married</i>

332
00:11:55,400 --> 00:11:58,160
<i>and have a family one day?</i>

333
00:11:58,200 --> 00:11:59,880
[Jonny through translator]

334
00:11:58,200 --> 00:11:59,880
<i>I'd like that very much.</i>

335
00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:01,360
<i>I'd love to have</i>

336
00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:01,360
<i>a partner who</i>

337
00:12:01,400 --> 00:12:03,720
<i>stood by me</i>

338
00:12:01,400 --> 00:12:03,720
<i>through good and bad.</i>

339
00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:23,880
[narrator]<i> The embryo</i>

340
00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:23,880
<i>is almost an inch long,</i>

341
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:26,920
<i>and the magnificent process</i>

342
00:12:23,920 --> 00:12:26,920
<i>of becoming an individual</i>

343
00:12:26,960 --> 00:12:28,760
<i>starts to take shape.</i>

344
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:38,880
<i>A structure fundamental</i>

345
00:12:35,680 --> 00:12:38,880
<i>to our sense of identity.</i>

346
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,840
<i>Where more than</i>

347
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,840
<i>40 muscles allow us</i>

348
00:12:44,720 --> 00:12:48,840
<i>to share our emotions</i>

349
00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:52,080
<i>with the whole world,</i>

350
00:12:48,880 --> 00:12:52,080
<i>the face.</i>

351
00:12:54,280 --> 00:12:56,680
<i>One in over seven billion.</i>

352
00:12:56,720 --> 00:12:58,880
<i>Even if you're</i>

353
00:12:56,720 --> 00:12:58,880
<i>an identical twin,</i>

354
00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:01,760
<i>no one has a face</i>

355
00:12:58,920 --> 00:13:01,760
<i>exactly like yours.</i>

356
00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:10,400
<i>It all begins</i>

357
00:13:07,920 --> 00:13:10,400
<i>around four weeks,</i>

358
00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,760
<i>when the embryo is no bigger</i>

359
00:13:10,440 --> 00:13:13,760
<i>than an apple seed.</i>

360
00:13:16,680 --> 00:13:22,480
<i>Over four miraculous</i>

361
00:13:16,680 --> 00:13:22,480
<i>weeks, five sheets</i>

362
00:13:16,680 --> 00:13:22,480
<i>of cells converge...</i>

363
00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:41,120
<i>Eventually knitting</i>

364
00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:41,120
<i>together to form</i>

365
00:13:36,400 --> 00:13:41,120
<i>the unique human face.</i>

366
00:13:47,640 --> 00:13:51,320
<i>But if anything disrupts</i>

367
00:13:47,640 --> 00:13:51,320
<i>this precisely</i>

368
00:13:47,640 --> 00:13:51,320
<i>timed process,</i>

369
00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:54,000
<i>the jigsaw</i>

370
00:13:51,360 --> 00:13:54,000
<i>can't be completed.</i>

371
00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:04,600
<i>Oliver's face wasn't</i>

372
00:14:01,360 --> 00:14:04,600
<i>finished in the womb.</i>

373
00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:08,040
<i>He was born four weeks ago</i>

374
00:14:04,640 --> 00:14:08,040
<i>with a cleft lip.</i>

375
00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,920
<i>Before his arrival, Oliver's</i>

376
00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:16,920
<i>parents, Dave and Kerry,</i>

377
00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:18,800
<i>knew he was going</i>

378
00:14:16,960 --> 00:14:18,800
<i>to be different.</i>

379
00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:22,360
Yeah, we found out

380
00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:22,360
about the cleft lip

381
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:24,120
-at the 20-week scan.

382
00:14:22,400 --> 00:14:24,120
-Yeah.

383
00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:25,880
I was just worried

384
00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:25,880
for the baby, really.

385
00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:27,880
[Dave] You just want

386
00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:27,880
everything to be perfect,

387
00:14:25,920 --> 00:14:27,880
don't you?

388
00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:31,920
When something is

389
00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:31,920
clearly, you know,

390
00:14:27,920 --> 00:14:31,920
not going to be 100%,

391
00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:33,800
that's the sort of

392
00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:33,800
worrying part,

393
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:37,160
is when there's no doubt

394
00:14:33,840 --> 00:14:37,160
that it is, you know,

395
00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:39,720
something there that

396
00:14:37,200 --> 00:14:39,720
will need taking care of.

397
00:14:39,760 --> 00:14:41,840
[Kerry] It's something

398
00:14:39,760 --> 00:14:41,840
that can be fixed, so,

399
00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,320
in the scheme of things

400
00:14:41,880 --> 00:14:44,320
it's not so bad.

401
00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:49,760
[narrator]<i> Oliver's plastic</i>

402
00:14:46,600 --> 00:14:49,760
<i>surgeon, Felicity Mehendale,</i>

403
00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:52,080
<i>is preparing to operate</i>

404
00:14:49,800 --> 00:14:52,080
<i>on his lip.</i>

405
00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:57,760
Cleft lips and cleft palates

406
00:14:54,760 --> 00:14:57,760
are actually the most common

407
00:14:57,800 --> 00:14:59,840
congenital condition

408
00:14:57,800 --> 00:14:59,840
that we see.

409
00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:03,200
So, they give us a huge

410
00:14:59,880 --> 00:15:03,200
amount of information

411
00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,640
about how our

412
00:15:03,240 --> 00:15:05,640
human face is formed.

413
00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:10,600
<i>I think it's so easy</i>

414
00:15:07,320 --> 00:15:10,600
<i>to look at a human face</i>

415
00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:14,320
<i>and take for granted</i>

416
00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:14,320
<i>that that's the way</i>

417
00:15:10,640 --> 00:15:14,320
<i>it always was.</i>

418
00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:18,440
But to think that

419
00:15:14,360 --> 00:15:18,440
my eyes started out here,

420
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:23,320
my nose started up there,

421
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:23,320
my top lip was

422
00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:23,320
in three separate bits,

423
00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:29,280
and... I had a one

424
00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:29,280
in 1,000 chance that

425
00:15:23,360 --> 00:15:29,280
a bit of my top lip

426
00:15:29,320 --> 00:15:30,600
<i>wouldn't have zipped up.</i>

427
00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:34,560
[narrator]<i> Oliver is</i>

428
00:15:32,400 --> 00:15:34,560
<i>now three months old</i>

429
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:36,440
<i>and strong enough</i>

430
00:15:34,600 --> 00:15:36,440
<i>for surgery.</i>

431
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:40,000
[interviewer] How are you

432
00:15:38,400 --> 00:15:40,000
feeling about today?

433
00:15:41,560 --> 00:15:42,960
Okay. Nervous.

434
00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:46,720
He's happy.

435
00:15:44,600 --> 00:15:46,720
He's happy.

436
00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,920
Totally oblivious to what's

437
00:15:48,320 --> 00:15:50,920
going to happen. [chuckles]

438
00:15:53,080 --> 00:15:54,120
Hi.

439
00:15:55,400 --> 00:15:56,520
Still smiling.

440
00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,800
[Mehendale]<i> If I didn't</i>

441
00:15:56,560 --> 00:15:58,800
<i>repair Oliver's lip,</i>

442
00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:02,320
<i>the gap in his lip would</i>

443
00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:02,320
<i>let his gum dry out,</i>

444
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,240
<i>he'd look different,</i>

445
00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,240
<i>and importantly</i>

446
00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:09,760
<i>when he started</i>

447
00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:09,760
<i>to say things like</i>

448
00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:09,760
<i>"papa" and "baba,"</i>

449
00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:13,160
<i>he'd have a little bit of</i>

450
00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:13,160
<i>air leaking through his lip</i>

451
00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:15,720
<i>and it would make it</i>

452
00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:15,720
<i>a little bit more difficult</i>

453
00:16:13,200 --> 00:16:15,720
<i>for him</i>

454
00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,760
<i>to communicate the way</i>

455
00:16:15,760 --> 00:16:18,760
<i>maybe we take for granted.</i>

456
00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:28,840
Mummy's here, darling.

457
00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:28,840
Mummy's here.

458
00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,400
There you go.

459
00:16:28,880 --> 00:16:31,400
There you go.

460
00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:37,560
Right, shall I scrub up?

461
00:16:38,600 --> 00:16:39,880
Local going in, Caroline.

462
00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:43,760
Pop that in

463
00:16:42,520 --> 00:16:43,760
the muscle, Stephanie,

464
00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:45,400
if you wouldn't mind,

465
00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:45,400
just very...

466
00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:47,200
Ah, that's lovely. Thanks,

467
00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:47,200
that's great, thanks.

468
00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:53,840
To bring the base of little

469
00:16:49,640 --> 00:16:53,840
Oliver's nose on the right,

470
00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:56,600
I lift the base of his nose

471
00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:58,120
along with the tissues

472
00:16:56,640 --> 00:16:58,120
of his cheek

473
00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:02,600
off the bone of his

474
00:16:59,280 --> 00:17:02,600
upper jaw, see this?

475
00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:04,880
You can see this bits

476
00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:04,880
going into the columella.

477
00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:09,120
That's nice, thanks.

478
00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:14,160
<i>I'm trying to re-align</i>

479
00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:14,160
<i>tissues and structures</i>

480
00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:17,840
<i>that would have joined,</i>

481
00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:17,840
<i>trying to put them</i>

482
00:17:14,200 --> 00:17:17,840
<i>in a position</i>

483
00:17:17,880 --> 00:17:20,680
<i>that allows them to work</i>

484
00:17:17,880 --> 00:17:20,680
<i>the way they should work,</i>

485
00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:22,680
<i>but I think it's</i>

486
00:17:20,720 --> 00:17:22,680
<i>quite a challenge</i>

487
00:17:22,720 --> 00:17:26,000
<i>because the anatomy</i>

488
00:17:22,720 --> 00:17:26,000
<i>is so beautiful</i>

489
00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:27,720
<i>the way it forms</i>

490
00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:27,720
<i>in the womb,</i>

491
00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:32,280
<i>and it's actually quite</i>

492
00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:32,280
<i>humbling when you try</i>

493
00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:32,280
<i>to recreate that,</i>

494
00:17:32,320 --> 00:17:34,040
<i>as nature intended.</i>

495
00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:40,080
I can just see

496
00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:40,080
Oliver's lip beginning to

497
00:17:36,760 --> 00:17:40,080
come together now.

498
00:17:41,880 --> 00:17:43,080
<i>That's it.</i>

499
00:17:44,560 --> 00:17:45,880
That looks happy.

500
00:17:56,880 --> 00:18:00,280
So, he was asleep after

501
00:17:56,880 --> 00:18:00,280
the surgery for a fair bit

502
00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:02,920
until about teatime,

503
00:18:00,320 --> 00:18:02,920
and when he woke up

504
00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:06,240
and was able to

505
00:18:02,960 --> 00:18:06,240
sort of recognize us.

506
00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:09,640
He did his usual thing,

507
00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:09,640
smiling straightaway.

508
00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:12,640
-Which was amazing.

509
00:18:10,960 --> 00:18:12,640
-It was.

510
00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:15,240
That's kind of when you knew

511
00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:16,880
everything was really

512
00:18:15,280 --> 00:18:16,880
okay, I suppose.

513
00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:21,680
[Kerry] There's hardly

514
00:18:19,760 --> 00:18:21,680
anything there already.

515
00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,720
[Dave] It's the craft of,

516
00:18:21,720 --> 00:18:25,720
yeah, what Felicity can do.

517
00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:28,120
They told us that,

518
00:18:25,760 --> 00:18:28,120
before, you know,

519
00:18:28,160 --> 00:18:30,040
it'll be quite a change.

520
00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:34,320
Thought, "Oh, no..."

521
00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:34,320
It is really quite a change.

522
00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:59,240
[narrator]<i> It's now</i>

523
00:18:56,560 --> 00:18:59,240
<i>10 weeks into the journey</i>

524
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,240
<i>and on the tip of</i>

525
00:18:59,280 --> 00:19:02,240
<i>every single finger,</i>

526
00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:04,520
<i>one of our most</i>

527
00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:04,520
<i>unique characteristics</i>

528
00:19:04,560 --> 00:19:06,520
<i>is about to be revealed.</i>

529
00:19:07,640 --> 00:19:10,000
<i>Our fingerprints.</i>

530
00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:13,400
<i>But on some incredibly</i>

531
00:19:10,040 --> 00:19:13,400
<i>rare occasions,</i>

532
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,120
<i>this very hallmark</i>

533
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,120
<i>of our individuality</i>

534
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:18,120
<i>doesn't surface.</i>

535
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:44,680
<i>To the authorities,</i>

536
00:19:41,280 --> 00:19:44,680
<i>this woman is invisible.</i>

537
00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:51,520
<i>She can defeat</i>

538
00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:51,520
<i>the most sophisticated</i>

539
00:19:47,720 --> 00:19:51,520
<i>security devices.</i>

540
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:03,320
<i>Because Cheryl is one</i>

541
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:03,320
<i>of a handful of people</i>

542
00:19:59,720 --> 00:20:03,320
<i>in the world</i>

543
00:20:03,360 --> 00:20:05,960
<i>who was born with</i>

544
00:20:03,360 --> 00:20:05,960
<i>no fingerprints.</i>

545
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:11,480
<i>Just a few creases on</i>

546
00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:11,480
<i>the end of her finger.</i>

547
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:15,560
<i>Cheryl's condition</i>

548
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:15,560
<i>is known as immigration</i>

549
00:20:11,520 --> 00:20:15,560
<i>delay disease.</i>

550
00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,920
<i>At 10 weeks, skin cells</i>

551
00:20:20,800 --> 00:20:23,920
<i>begin constructing</i>

552
00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,240
<i>the peaks and valleys</i>

553
00:20:23,960 --> 00:20:27,240
<i>that become fingerprints.</i>

554
00:20:28,480 --> 00:20:30,480
<i>But, due to a faulty gene,</i>

555
00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:33,400
<i>Cheryl's cells couldn't</i>

556
00:20:30,520 --> 00:20:33,400
<i>maintain the structures</i>

557
00:20:33,440 --> 00:20:35,480
<i>and the creases collapsed.</i>

558
00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:39,200
[Cheryl]<i> I worked as</i>

559
00:20:37,640 --> 00:20:39,200
<i>a flight attendant</i>

560
00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:42,240
<i>and after flight</i>

561
00:20:39,240 --> 00:20:42,240
<i>attendant school,</i>

562
00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:43,880
<i>you have to get your</i>

563
00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:43,880
<i>security clearance,</i>

564
00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:47,760
<i>and for most of the students</i>

565
00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:47,760
<i>in my class it took</i>

566
00:20:43,920 --> 00:20:47,760
<i>two weeks.</i>

567
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:50,560
<i>It took almost 10 weeks</i>

568
00:20:47,800 --> 00:20:50,560
<i>for me to get mine.</i>

569
00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:59,080
[narrator]<i> Most of us</i>

570
00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:59,080
<i>don't think about</i>

571
00:20:55,840 --> 00:20:59,080
<i>our fingerprints,</i>

572
00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:02,360
<i>but they do make</i>

573
00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:02,360
<i>each of us unique.</i>

574
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,240
<i>Even identical twins have</i>

575
00:21:02,400 --> 00:21:05,240
<i>different fingerprints.</i>

576
00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:09,720
<i>But that's not</i>

577
00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:09,720
<i>all about our hands</i>

578
00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:11,520
<i>that makes</i>

579
00:21:09,760 --> 00:21:11,520
<i>each of us distinct.</i>

580
00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,680
<i>As the clock races</i>

581
00:21:13,480 --> 00:21:16,680
<i>towards 11 weeks,</i>

582
00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:19,720
<i>another astonishing</i>

583
00:21:16,720 --> 00:21:19,720
<i>milestone takes place</i>

584
00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:24,160
<i>as our hands make their</i>

585
00:21:21,240 --> 00:21:24,160
<i>very first movements.</i>

586
00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:30,720
<i>The myriad of connections</i>

587
00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:30,720
<i>that form the body's</i>

588
00:21:26,440 --> 00:21:30,720
<i>nervous system</i>

589
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:33,680
<i>is beginning to give us</i>

590
00:21:30,760 --> 00:21:33,680
<i>control over our body.</i>

591
00:21:36,360 --> 00:21:40,680
<i>And, remarkably, even at</i>

592
00:21:36,360 --> 00:21:40,680
<i>this very early stage,</i>

593
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,760
<i>most of us favor</i>

594
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,760
<i>one hand over the other.</i>

595
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,800
<i>In most animals, the split</i>

596
00:21:50,560 --> 00:21:53,800
<i>between left and right</i>

597
00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:55,400
<i>is almost the same.</i>

598
00:21:57,680 --> 00:22:01,240
<i>But 90% of us humans</i>

599
00:21:57,680 --> 00:22:01,240
<i>are right-handed.</i>

600
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:05,360
<i>And so,</i>

601
00:22:03,000 --> 00:22:05,360
<i>being in the minority,</i>

602
00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:09,240
<i>those who are left-handed</i>

603
00:22:05,400 --> 00:22:09,240
<i>can be at a disadvantage.</i>

604
00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,880
<i>Boxer Tom Stalker</i>

605
00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:14,880
<i>is among those</i>

606
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:19,080
<i>who has to live in a world</i>

607
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:19,080
<i>skewed to the right.</i>

608
00:22:21,600 --> 00:22:23,240
[Tom speaking]

609
00:22:27,720 --> 00:22:28,720
[laughs]

610
00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:36,080
[narrator]<i> Being left-handed</i>

611
00:22:33,360 --> 00:22:36,080
<i>runs in families,</i>

612
00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,240
<i>which suggests</i>

613
00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,240
<i>it's a trait passed down</i>

614
00:22:36,120 --> 00:22:39,240
<i>through the genes.</i>

615
00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:46,680
<i>Statistically, you're</i>

616
00:22:43,400 --> 00:22:46,680
<i>more likely to be shorter</i>

617
00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:50,160
<i>or have certain conditions</i>

618
00:22:46,720 --> 00:22:50,160
<i>like dyslexia and migraines.</i>

619
00:22:51,280 --> 00:22:52,680
<i>But it's not all bad.</i>

620
00:22:56,520 --> 00:23:00,560
<i>Tom believes his left hand,</i>

621
00:22:56,520 --> 00:23:00,560
<i>or "south paw," saved him.</i>

622
00:23:00,600 --> 00:23:02,040
[Tom speaking]

623
00:23:09,080 --> 00:23:10,600
[crowd cheering]

624
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,360
[narrator]<i> Now he's</i>

625
00:23:10,640 --> 00:23:13,360
<i>a medal-winning boxer.</i>

626
00:23:15,480 --> 00:23:16,800
[Tom speaking]

627
00:23:30,920 --> 00:23:32,960
[announcer] Tom Stalker!

628
00:23:34,240 --> 00:23:35,840
[crowd cheering]

629
00:23:37,920 --> 00:23:41,240
[narrator]<i> In 2012, he was</i>

630
00:23:37,920 --> 00:23:41,240
<i>captain of Britain's</i>

631
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,080
<i>most successful ever</i>

632
00:23:41,280 --> 00:23:44,080
<i>Olympic boxing team.</i>

633
00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:49,440
<i>This might offer a clue</i>

634
00:23:46,360 --> 00:23:49,440
<i>to why natural selection</i>

635
00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:51,720
<i>hasn't bred out</i>

636
00:23:49,480 --> 00:23:51,720
<i>left-handedness.</i>

637
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,360
[narrator]<i> We can be</i>

638
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,360
<i>confident that</i>

639
00:24:21,240 --> 00:24:23,360
<i>the proportion</i>

640
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:27,680
<i>of left-handers hasn't</i>

641
00:24:23,400 --> 00:24:27,680
<i>changed for 10,000 years</i>

642
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:31,960
<i>because 10% of tools</i>

643
00:24:27,720 --> 00:24:31,960
<i>archeologists uncover</i>

644
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:33,200
<i>are for lefties.</i>

645
00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:39,000
<i>It seems that long ago,</i>

646
00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:39,000
<i>in hand-to-hand combat,</i>

647
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:42,360
<i>left-handers like Tom</i>

648
00:24:39,040 --> 00:24:42,360
<i>would have had an advantage.</i>

649
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,000
<i>So, they were more likely</i>

650
00:24:49,200 --> 00:24:52,000
<i>to survive a fight</i>

651
00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:54,840
<i>and pass their trait on</i>

652
00:24:52,040 --> 00:24:54,840
<i>to another generation.</i>

653
00:24:57,320 --> 00:24:58,520
[boxer speaking]

654
00:24:59,800 --> 00:25:00,920
[Tom speaking]

655
00:25:02,360 --> 00:25:04,840
[narrator]<i> And this is</i>

656
00:25:02,360 --> 00:25:04,840
<i>supported by the fact</i>

657
00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,280
<i>that although just one in 10</i>

658
00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,280
<i>of us are left-handed,</i>

659
00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:11,880
<i>there are three times as</i>

660
00:25:08,320 --> 00:25:11,880
<i>many in one-on-one sports.</i>

661
00:25:13,240 --> 00:25:14,640
[Tom speaking]

662
00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:25,800
[narrator]<i> It's intriguing</i>

663
00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:25,800
<i>evidence that</i>

664
00:25:23,120 --> 00:25:25,800
<i>being different</i>

665
00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,840
<i>may offer an advantage,</i>

666
00:25:25,840 --> 00:25:28,840
<i>allowing you to</i>

667
00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:31,280
<i>come at the world</i>

668
00:25:28,880 --> 00:25:31,280
<i>from another angle.</i>

669
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:39,480
<i>It's 13 weeks</i>

670
00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:39,480
<i>and the tiny embryo,</i>

671
00:25:39,520 --> 00:25:41,560
<i>now the size of a pea-pod,</i>

672
00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:46,360
<i>is growing more and more</i>

673
00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:46,360
<i>unique every day.</i>

674
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:51,000
<i>And it's around now</i>

675
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:51,000
<i>that skin begins to</i>

676
00:25:46,400 --> 00:25:51,000
<i>take on its color.</i>

677
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,320
<i>Up to this point, the skin</i>

678
00:25:54,000 --> 00:25:57,320
<i>has been transparent.</i>

679
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:02,960
<i>But, beneath the surface, a</i>

680
00:25:59,000 --> 00:26:02,960
<i>transformation is underway.</i>

681
00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:08,520
<i>A swarm of cells called</i>

682
00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:08,520
<i>melanocytes spread.</i>

683
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,880
<i>Skin comes in a wide</i>

684
00:26:10,880 --> 00:26:13,880
<i>spectrum of tones,</i>

685
00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:17,280
<i>and depending on ethnicity,</i>

686
00:26:13,920 --> 00:26:17,280
<i>the number of cells</i>

687
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:19,760
<i>affects how dark</i>

688
00:26:17,320 --> 00:26:19,760
<i>the skin becomes.</i>

689
00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:42,240
<i>Here in Kenya,</i>

690
00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:42,240
<i>most people have an</i>

691
00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:42,240
<i>abundance of melanin.</i>

692
00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:48,880
<i>The pigment prevents the</i>

693
00:26:44,760 --> 00:26:48,880
<i>blistering equatorial sun</i>

694
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:52,720
<i>from harming healthy skin</i>

695
00:26:48,920 --> 00:26:52,720
<i>cells and causing cancer.</i>

696
00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,080
<i>It stops your skin from</i>

697
00:26:52,760 --> 00:26:56,080
<i>absorbing too much sunlight.</i>

698
00:26:57,720 --> 00:27:01,080
<i>But there are some people</i>

699
00:26:57,720 --> 00:27:01,080
<i>who have no melanin at all.</i>

700
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:12,480
<i>Like 28-year-old Nasoro,</i>

701
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:12,480
<i>who plays soccer</i>

702
00:27:07,200 --> 00:27:12,480
<i>for Albino United.</i>

703
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:19,160
[Nasoro through translator]

704
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:19,160
<i>Playing football helps you</i>

705
00:27:15,720 --> 00:27:19,160
<i>forget all your problems.</i>

706
00:27:20,840 --> 00:27:22,760
<i>My heart loves</i>

707
00:27:20,840 --> 00:27:22,760
<i>playing football.</i>

708
00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:28,840
[narrator]

709
00:27:25,480 --> 00:27:28,840
<i>Nasoro is an albino.</i>

710
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:31,960
<i>And like most Africans,</i>

711
00:27:28,880 --> 00:27:31,960
<i>he should have dark skin,</i>

712
00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:38,440
<i>but he lacks a key gene,</i>

713
00:27:33,560 --> 00:27:38,440
<i>which means his melanocytes</i>

714
00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:41,960
<i>are unable to store</i>

715
00:27:38,480 --> 00:27:41,960
<i>the melanin his skin needs.</i>

716
00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:48,600
<i>The only place he</i>

717
00:27:45,880 --> 00:27:48,600
<i>produces the pigment</i>

718
00:27:48,640 --> 00:27:50,560
<i>is in the occasional mole,</i>

719
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,080
<i>so he has very little</i>

720
00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,080
<i>protection from the sun.</i>

721
00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:56,080
[speaking local language]

722
00:27:56,120 --> 00:27:58,040
<i>Playing out in the sun</i>

723
00:27:56,120 --> 00:27:58,040
<i>used to hurt a lot.</i>

724
00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:00,480
<i>I would get blisters.</i>

725
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:08,960
[narrator]<i> Nasoro</i>

726
00:28:06,200 --> 00:28:08,960
<i>is from Tanzania</i>

727
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:11,880
<i>and works part time</i>

728
00:28:09,000 --> 00:28:11,880
<i>washing cars.</i>

729
00:28:11,920 --> 00:28:14,120
<i>But his passion is soccer.</i>

730
00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,000
<i>Today, Nasoro and his team</i>

731
00:28:18,920 --> 00:28:22,000
<i>will be playing their first</i>

732
00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:25,840
<i>international game against</i>

733
00:28:22,040 --> 00:28:25,840
<i>a team from Kenya.</i>

734
00:28:28,400 --> 00:28:29,640
[speaking local language]

735
00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:31,920
<i>I've never</i>

736
00:28:29,680 --> 00:28:31,920
<i>met an albino before.</i>

737
00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:33,680
<i>I've only seen them</i>

738
00:28:31,960 --> 00:28:33,680
<i>on television.</i>

739
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:38,520
[narrator]<i> Nasoro's skin</i>

740
00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:38,520
<i>is unusual</i>

741
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:40,960
<i>but by no means</i>

742
00:28:38,560 --> 00:28:40,960
<i>one of a kind.</i>

743
00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:42,440
<i>There are thought</i>

744
00:28:41,000 --> 00:28:42,440
<i>to be around</i>

745
00:28:42,480 --> 00:28:46,480
<i>150,000 albinos</i>

746
00:28:42,480 --> 00:28:46,480
<i>in Tanzania alone.</i>

747
00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,360
<i>In fact, all of</i>

748
00:28:50,920 --> 00:28:53,360
<i>Nasoro's teammates</i>

749
00:28:53,400 --> 00:28:55,200
<i>have the same condition.</i>

750
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:05,920
[Nasoro through translator]

751
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:05,920
<i>In my neighborhood,</i>

752
00:29:02,360 --> 00:29:05,920
<i>there was a lot of talk,</i>

753
00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:08,280
<i>"Oh, look, there goes</i>

754
00:29:05,960 --> 00:29:08,280
<i>the albino.</i>

755
00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:10,520
<i>I hope I don't get</i>

756
00:29:08,320 --> 00:29:10,520
<i>a child like that."</i>

757
00:29:10,560 --> 00:29:13,840
[Nasoro speaking

758
00:29:10,560 --> 00:29:13,840
local language]

759
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:16,160
[translator]<i> They would spit</i>

760
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:16,160
<i>on their chests</i>

761
00:29:13,880 --> 00:29:16,160
<i>as protection</i>

762
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:18,040
<i>against having</i>

763
00:29:16,200 --> 00:29:18,040
<i>a child like me.</i>

764
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:21,600
<i>It's as if you're</i>

765
00:29:19,440 --> 00:29:21,600
<i>not a human being</i>

766
00:29:21,640 --> 00:29:23,200
<i>but a curse on the family.</i>

767
00:29:25,920 --> 00:29:27,000
<i>It hurts.</i>

768
00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:38,840
<i>I'm looking forward</i>

769
00:29:36,160 --> 00:29:38,840
<i>to the game.</i>

770
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:43,240
<i>I'll make some new friends.</i>

771
00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:43,240
<i>It'll be good.</i>

772
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,520
[narrator]<i> Because their</i>

773
00:29:45,000 --> 00:29:47,520
<i>skin has no protection,</i>

774
00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,560
<i>Albino United only play</i>

775
00:29:47,560 --> 00:29:51,560
<i>once the sun starts to set.</i>

776
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,440
[Nasoro through translator]

777
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,440
<i>After playing football,</i>

778
00:30:02,480 --> 00:30:05,440
<i>I feel good,</i>

779
00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:07,560
<i>because it keeps</i>

780
00:30:05,480 --> 00:30:07,560
<i>my body fit.</i>

781
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:13,280
<i>I am happy because the game</i>

782
00:30:09,120 --> 00:30:13,280
<i>is happy and makes me happy.</i>

783
00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:18,440
[Nasoro speaking

784
00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:18,440
local language]

785
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:22,040
[translator]<i> I look like</i>

786
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:22,040
<i>a person who exercises</i>

787
00:30:18,480 --> 00:30:22,040
<i>and is happy.</i>

788
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:30,240
-[crowd cheering]

789
00:30:27,520 --> 00:30:30,240
-[whistle blowing]

790
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,120
-[whistle blows]

791
00:30:39,000 --> 00:30:42,120
-[crowd cheering]

792
00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:54,680
[translator]

793
00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:54,680
<i>As Albino United,</i>

794
00:30:52,280 --> 00:30:54,680
<i>we're brothers.</i>

795
00:30:57,000 --> 00:30:58,720
<i>We're like one happy family.</i>

796
00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:04,320
[man through translator]

797
00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:04,320
<i>Although we still</i>

798
00:31:02,320 --> 00:31:04,320
<i>have problems,</i>

799
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,840
<i>the fact that we're together</i>

800
00:31:04,360 --> 00:31:07,840
<i>helps us find solutions.</i>

801
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:14,640
[narrator]<i> Albino United</i>

802
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:14,640
<i>shows that problems</i>

803
00:31:11,080 --> 00:31:14,640
<i>and prejudices</i>

804
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:18,560
<i>can be overcome when you</i>

805
00:31:14,680 --> 00:31:18,560
<i>work together as a team.</i>

806
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:34,240
<i>Over the last six weeks,</i>

807
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:34,240
<i>a series of rapid</i>

808
00:31:30,160 --> 00:31:34,240
<i>transformations</i>

809
00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:37,520
<i>have taken place that</i>

810
00:31:34,280 --> 00:31:37,520
<i>make each of us distinct.</i>

811
00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:46,920
<i>In addition to our sex,</i>

812
00:31:44,440 --> 00:31:46,920
<i>we each have</i>

813
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:52,160
<i>a unique set</i>

814
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:52,160
<i>of fingerprints,</i>

815
00:31:46,960 --> 00:31:52,160
<i>one of many skin tones,</i>

816
00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:55,840
<i>and an instantly</i>

817
00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:55,840
<i>recognizable face.</i>

818
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:06,000
<i>But our individuality is</i>

819
00:32:02,160 --> 00:32:06,000
<i>much more than skin deep.</i>

820
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:11,280
<i>Some of the developments</i>

821
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:11,280
<i>that are taking place</i>

822
00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:11,280
<i>inside our bodies</i>

823
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:13,720
<i>during those early months</i>

824
00:32:11,320 --> 00:32:13,720
<i>in the womb</i>

825
00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:16,360
<i>not only influence</i>

826
00:32:13,760 --> 00:32:16,360
<i>who we become,</i>

827
00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:19,200
<i>but our survival</i>

828
00:32:16,400 --> 00:32:19,200
<i>throughout our lifetime.</i>

829
00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:26,280
[knock at the door]

830
00:32:26,320 --> 00:32:27,560
[nurse 1] Hello.

831
00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:29,960
[nurse 2] Hi, Joanne.

832
00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:29,960
[Joanne] Hi.

833
00:32:30,000 --> 00:32:31,240
This is it.

834
00:32:31,280 --> 00:32:32,400
It's my birthday.

835
00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:33,640
It's your birthday.

836
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:37,160
It's a bit emotional.

837
00:32:35,480 --> 00:32:37,160
It gets like...

838
00:32:37,200 --> 00:32:38,600
Well, everyone does.

839
00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:40,160
Do they? Oh, good.

840
00:32:38,640 --> 00:32:40,160
I'm not...

841
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:42,720
[narrator]<i> Last year,</i>

842
00:32:40,200 --> 00:32:42,720
<i>Jo was diagnosed with</i>

843
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:45,920
<i>an aggressive form</i>

844
00:32:42,760 --> 00:32:45,920
<i>of blood cancer.</i>

845
00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:47,720
[Joanne]<i> It was about</i>

846
00:32:45,960 --> 00:32:47,720
<i>the middle of September</i>

847
00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:51,760
<i>and I started to feel</i>

848
00:32:47,760 --> 00:32:51,760
<i>quite unwell.</i>

849
00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:55,240
I thought I had

850
00:32:51,800 --> 00:32:55,240
a run-of-the-mill virus.

851
00:32:55,280 --> 00:32:58,280
Um, hot sweats, achy.

852
00:32:58,320 --> 00:33:01,000
<i>It was our</i>

853
00:32:58,320 --> 00:33:01,000
<i>daughter's birthday</i>

854
00:33:01,040 --> 00:33:02,840
<i>but I couldn't even stand up</i>

855
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:05,160
<i>to watch her open any of</i>

856
00:33:02,880 --> 00:33:05,160
<i>her party presents,</i>

857
00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:08,120
and that's really unusual.

858
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:12,280
[man]<i> Later that evening,</i>

859
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:12,280
<i>Jo was diagnosed</i>

860
00:33:08,160 --> 00:33:12,280
<i>with leukemia.</i>

861
00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:16,480
[narrator]<i> Jo's best</i>

862
00:33:14,440 --> 00:33:16,480
<i>chance of recovery</i>

863
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:19,200
<i>is to have</i>

864
00:33:16,520 --> 00:33:19,200
<i>a bone marrow transplant.</i>

865
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,440
<i>But this is far</i>

866
00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,440
<i>from straightforward</i>

867
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:23,840
<i>and it all goes back</i>

868
00:33:21,480 --> 00:33:23,840
<i>to our development.</i>

869
00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:32,960
<i>As soon as we enter</i>

870
00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:32,960
<i>the world, our bodies</i>

871
00:33:29,080 --> 00:33:32,960
<i>are under threat.</i>

872
00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:41,480
<i>Viruses and bacteria are</i>

873
00:33:37,320 --> 00:33:41,480
<i>waiting to find a new host.</i>

874
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:49,880
<i>Week 14 and the race against</i>

875
00:33:46,040 --> 00:33:49,880
<i>the clock is happening.</i>

876
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:56,920
<i>Specialized cells that will</i>

877
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:56,920
<i>hunt and kill invaders</i>

878
00:33:56,960 --> 00:33:58,280
<i>must be formed.</i>

879
00:34:02,160 --> 00:34:03,800
<i>The immune system.</i>

880
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,000
<i>Something most of us will</i>

881
00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,000
<i>never have to think about.</i>

882
00:34:13,240 --> 00:34:16,800
<i>Unless in life a part of</i>

883
00:34:13,240 --> 00:34:16,800
<i>the body becomes so damaged</i>

884
00:34:16,840 --> 00:34:18,720
<i>that it has to be replaced.</i>

885
00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:21,320
[Joanne]<i> I just hope that</i>

886
00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:21,320
<i>there's a donor for me.</i>

887
00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:24,800
I guess we're just relying

888
00:34:21,360 --> 00:34:24,800
on a phone call. [laughs]

889
00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:29,160
[narrator]<i> Jo's search</i>

890
00:34:26,960 --> 00:34:29,160
<i>is hard because of</i>

891
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:33,160
<i>the very personalized</i>

892
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:33,160
<i>way all our immune</i>

893
00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:33,160
<i>systems develop.</i>

894
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:40,800
<i>At 14 weeks, a key part</i>

895
00:34:37,360 --> 00:34:40,800
<i>of the immune system</i>

896
00:34:40,840 --> 00:34:42,480
<i>is becoming fully active.</i>

897
00:34:48,240 --> 00:34:50,200
<i>Human leukocyte antigens,</i>

898
00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:53,160
<i>otherwise known as</i>

899
00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:53,160
<i>the HLA system,</i>

900
00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:58,600
<i>detect the telltale traces</i>

901
00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:58,600
<i>of infections within</i>

902
00:34:53,200 --> 00:34:58,600
<i>the cells.</i>

903
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:02,480
<i>If they find any,</i>

904
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:02,480
<i>they'll bring them to</i>

905
00:34:58,640 --> 00:35:02,480
<i>the surface of the cell,</i>

906
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,680
<i>so that they can be detected</i>

907
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,680
<i>by other immune cells</i>

908
00:35:02,520 --> 00:35:06,680
<i>and destroyed.</i>

909
00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:22,080
<i>But our HLA systems</i>

910
00:35:17,640 --> 00:35:22,080
<i>are incredibly varied.</i>

911
00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:26,400
<i>There are so many genes</i>

912
00:35:22,120 --> 00:35:26,400
<i>involved in creating HLA's</i>

913
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:30,120
<i>that it's rare to</i>

914
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:30,120
<i>find someone else</i>

915
00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:30,120
<i>who shares a similarity.</i>

916
00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:38,760
<i>This huge variety is</i>

917
00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:38,760
<i>problematic for anyone</i>

918
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:41,440
<i>searching for a bone marrow</i>

919
00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:41,440
<i>donor to match.</i>

920
00:35:44,760 --> 00:35:47,200
<i>But there is an upside.</i>

921
00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:49,760
<i>Having such diverse</i>

922
00:35:47,240 --> 00:35:49,760
<i>immune systems</i>

923
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,880
<i>makes us stronger</i>

924
00:35:49,800 --> 00:35:51,880
<i>as a species...</i>

925
00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:56,720
<i>and unlikely that</i>

926
00:35:54,080 --> 00:35:56,720
<i>we'll all be wiped out</i>

927
00:35:56,760 --> 00:35:58,120
<i>by the same infection.</i>

928
00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,880
<i>Fortunately, a worldwide</i>

929
00:36:01,200 --> 00:36:04,880
<i>HLA database of donors</i>

930
00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:08,080
<i>is bringing hope</i>

931
00:36:04,920 --> 00:36:08,080
<i>to people like Jo.</i>

932
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:12,360
I'm getting ready

933
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:12,360
for a bone marrow

934
00:36:08,120 --> 00:36:12,360
transplant tomorrow.

935
00:36:13,240 --> 00:36:14,880
<i>I feel incredibly humble.</i>

936
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:18,720
<i>I can't believe</i>

937
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:18,720
<i>there is such a person</i>

938
00:36:14,920 --> 00:36:18,720
<i>that exists out there.</i>

939
00:36:19,680 --> 00:36:21,680
He's a 22-year-old male.

940
00:36:21,720 --> 00:36:26,920
He is a, almost 10 out of 10

941
00:36:21,720 --> 00:36:26,920
fully matched.

942
00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:31,720
He's been referred to me

943
00:36:26,960 --> 00:36:31,720
almost like a perfect twin.

944
00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:33,800
I'm guessing we look

945
00:36:31,760 --> 00:36:33,800
nothing like each other.

946
00:36:35,880 --> 00:36:37,440
[nurse] Now this is it.

947
00:36:37,480 --> 00:36:43,240
[Joanne] Hooray.

948
00:36:37,480 --> 00:36:43,240
T-day. [laughs]

949
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:47,760
[narrator]<i> It's seven months</i>

950
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:47,760
<i>since Jo was diagnosed</i>

951
00:36:43,280 --> 00:36:47,760
<i>with cancer.</i>

952
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:50,000
<i>Blood stem cells</i>

953
00:36:47,800 --> 00:36:50,000
<i>harvested from</i>

954
00:36:50,040 --> 00:36:52,800
<i>the bone marrow of Jo's</i>

955
00:36:50,040 --> 00:36:52,800
<i>donor have now arrived.</i>

956
00:36:56,360 --> 00:36:59,160
The stem cells

957
00:36:56,360 --> 00:36:59,160
have come into my body,

958
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,320
it will apparently go round

959
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,320
my blood stream

960
00:36:59,200 --> 00:37:02,320
a couple of times,

961
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,440
and, um, and then it's got

962
00:37:02,360 --> 00:37:05,440
like a homing sensor

963
00:37:05,480 --> 00:37:07,840
and it will actually

964
00:37:05,480 --> 00:37:07,840
gravitate towards

965
00:37:05,480 --> 00:37:07,840
my bone marrow,

966
00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:09,600
which is what

967
00:37:07,880 --> 00:37:09,600
I need it to do.

968
00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:20,960
[nurse] Well done.

969
00:37:18,480 --> 00:37:20,960
Congratulations, Joanne.

970
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:24,200
-Hurray. Well done.

971
00:37:21,000 --> 00:37:24,200
-[laughs]

972
00:37:24,240 --> 00:37:26,120
-Toast.

973
00:37:24,240 --> 00:37:26,120
-[laughter]

974
00:37:27,800 --> 00:37:29,960
Perfect.

975
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,360
[narrator]<i> Finding a close</i>

976
00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:32,360
<i>match has increased</i>

977
00:37:32,400 --> 00:37:34,320
<i>Jo's chances of recovery,</i>

978
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:38,720
<i>although the success</i>

979
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:38,720
<i>of any transplant</i>

980
00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:38,720
<i>is by no means guaranteed.</i>

981
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:45,760
<i>At the same time that</i>

982
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:45,760
<i>the immune system</i>

983
00:37:42,720 --> 00:37:45,760
<i>is changing</i>

984
00:37:45,800 --> 00:37:47,840
<i>to keep us fit and strong,</i>

985
00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:52,400
<i>our most vital organ</i>

986
00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:52,400
<i>is rapidly growing</i>

987
00:37:47,880 --> 00:37:52,400
<i>ever more sophisticated.</i>

988
00:37:56,840 --> 00:38:00,440
<i>Week 15 is also</i>

989
00:37:56,840 --> 00:38:00,440
<i>a milestone for the brain.</i>

990
00:38:01,640 --> 00:38:03,720
<i>By now, the cerebral</i>

991
00:38:01,640 --> 00:38:03,720
<i>hemispheres,</i>

992
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,560
<i>the thinking parts</i>

993
00:38:03,760 --> 00:38:05,560
<i>of the brain,</i>

994
00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:08,200
<i>have all the brain cells</i>

995
00:38:05,600 --> 00:38:08,200
<i>they'll ever need.</i>

996
00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:13,800
<i>But now is the magical</i>

997
00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:13,800
<i>moment when</i>

998
00:38:10,360 --> 00:38:13,800
<i>the connections between</i>

999
00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:16,680
<i>these billions of neurons</i>

1000
00:38:13,840 --> 00:38:16,680
<i>start to grow.</i>

1001
00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:23,840
<i>And it's these</i>

1002
00:38:21,320 --> 00:38:23,840
<i>extraordinary connections</i>

1003
00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:26,600
<i>that shape our thoughts,</i>

1004
00:38:23,880 --> 00:38:26,600
<i>feelings, and emotions</i>

1005
00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:31,520
<i>and influence</i>

1006
00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:31,520
<i>the very essence</i>

1007
00:38:28,120 --> 00:38:31,520
<i>of our personality...</i>

1008
00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:36,440
<i>And they dramatically</i>

1009
00:38:33,040 --> 00:38:36,440
<i>affect how we behave.</i>

1010
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:07,600
[Laird]<i> I wish I had</i>

1011
00:39:03,880 --> 00:39:07,600
<i>the answer to why am I drawn</i>

1012
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:11,640
<i>to these great waves</i>

1013
00:39:07,640 --> 00:39:11,640
<i>and to these experiences,</i>

1014
00:39:11,680 --> 00:39:14,160
<i>but it's out of my hands.</i>

1015
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:16,440
I'd like to say

1016
00:39:14,200 --> 00:39:16,440
I have control of it

1017
00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:19,320
but it's...

1018
00:39:16,480 --> 00:39:19,320
it's got control of me.

1019
00:39:19,360 --> 00:39:20,360
[laughs]

1020
00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:29,560
[narrator]<i> Laird Hamilton</i>

1021
00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:29,560
<i>is considered</i>

1022
00:39:26,480 --> 00:39:29,560
<i>the world's greatest</i>

1023
00:39:29,600 --> 00:39:31,800
<i>big wave surfer.</i>

1024
00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:34,200
<i>Surfing the most</i>

1025
00:39:31,840 --> 00:39:34,200
<i>dangerous waves...</i>

1026
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:41,760
<i>swells up to 70 feet and</i>

1027
00:39:36,040 --> 00:39:41,760
<i>traveling 15 miles per hour.</i>

1028
00:39:48,680 --> 00:39:52,000
<i>He's completely</i>

1029
00:39:48,680 --> 00:39:52,000
<i>revolutionized</i>

1030
00:39:48,680 --> 00:39:52,000
<i>big wave surfing</i>

1031
00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:54,120
<i>by pioneering</i>

1032
00:39:52,040 --> 00:39:54,120
<i>a method to surf</i>

1033
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:56,360
<i>the biggest, heaviest</i>

1034
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:56,360
<i>waves in the world...</i>

1035
00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:01,680
<i>being towed into them</i>

1036
00:39:59,400 --> 00:40:01,680
<i>at high speed.</i>

1037
00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:10,960
I knew when

1038
00:40:08,680 --> 00:40:10,960
I was very young,

1039
00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:12,560
like,

1040
00:40:11,000 --> 00:40:12,560
when I was a little kid,

1041
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:17,400
that... that I wanted to

1042
00:40:12,600 --> 00:40:17,400
be best at riding big waves

1043
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:19,720
and I wanted to be

1044
00:40:17,440 --> 00:40:19,720
a big wave rider.

1045
00:40:25,360 --> 00:40:28,200
[narrator]<i> But such</i>

1046
00:40:25,360 --> 00:40:28,200
<i>daredevil behavior may lie</i>

1047
00:40:28,240 --> 00:40:31,280
<i>in what happened during his</i>

1048
00:40:28,240 --> 00:40:31,280
<i>development before birth.</i>

1049
00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:36,440
<i>At an all-important time,</i>

1050
00:40:33,000 --> 00:40:36,440
<i>around 15 weeks,</i>

1051
00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:39,360
<i>another surge of</i>

1052
00:40:36,480 --> 00:40:39,360
<i>testosterone is sent through</i>

1053
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,120
<i>the rapidly developing</i>

1054
00:40:39,400 --> 00:40:42,120
<i>brain and body.</i>

1055
00:40:45,160 --> 00:40:47,480
<i>And at this moment,</i>

1056
00:40:45,160 --> 00:40:47,480
<i>the brain is</i>

1057
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:50,160
<i>delicately sensitive</i>

1058
00:40:47,520 --> 00:40:50,160
<i>to hormonal changes.</i>

1059
00:40:51,760 --> 00:40:53,840
<i>And it appears</i>

1060
00:40:51,760 --> 00:40:53,840
<i>that testosterone</i>

1061
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,280
<i>alters the structure</i>

1062
00:40:53,880 --> 00:40:56,280
<i>of the brain regions</i>

1063
00:40:56,320 --> 00:40:59,480
<i>that process</i>

1064
00:40:56,320 --> 00:40:59,480
<i>fear and excitement.</i>

1065
00:40:59,520 --> 00:41:02,560
<i>Boys get twice the dose</i>

1066
00:40:59,520 --> 00:41:02,560
<i>compared to girls,</i>

1067
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,240
<i>and some get</i>

1068
00:41:02,600 --> 00:41:05,240
<i>more than others.</i>

1069
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:11,080
<i>Which could</i>

1070
00:41:08,520 --> 00:41:11,080
<i>explain why some people</i>

1071
00:41:11,120 --> 00:41:12,440
<i>are more thrill-seeking.</i>

1072
00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:17,440
If I turned around

1073
00:41:15,520 --> 00:41:17,440
and there was a giant wave,

1074
00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:20,280
I would be almost

1075
00:41:17,480 --> 00:41:20,280
in a zombie-like state

1076
00:41:20,320 --> 00:41:21,920
and I would be drawn to it.

1077
00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:24,520
It's as simple as it's

1078
00:41:21,960 --> 00:41:24,520
just inside of me.

1079
00:41:24,560 --> 00:41:27,280
It's just inside my soul.

1080
00:41:27,320 --> 00:41:29,320
It's inside my bones.

1081
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:34,480
[narrator]<i> Laird's exposure</i>

1082
00:41:31,920 --> 00:41:34,480
<i>to extra testosterone</i>

1083
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:36,840
<i>before he was born</i>

1084
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:36,840
<i>has given him</i>

1085
00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:39,400
<i>an inherent</i>

1086
00:41:36,880 --> 00:41:39,400
<i>appetite for risk,</i>

1087
00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:42,960
<i>something that was</i>

1088
00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:42,960
<i>reinforced by the way</i>

1089
00:41:39,440 --> 00:41:42,960
<i>his mother raised him.</i>

1090
00:41:44,320 --> 00:41:46,160
I think my mom compelled me

1091
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,040
to try to do things

1092
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:49,040
that had never been done.

1093
00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:52,680
She gave me the...

1094
00:41:49,080 --> 00:41:52,680
the belief

1095
00:41:52,720 --> 00:41:56,120
that the impossible

1096
00:41:52,720 --> 00:41:56,120
is possible.

1097
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:03,800
[narrator]

1098
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:03,800
<i>The adrenalin-seeking</i>

1099
00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:03,800
<i>instincts</i>

1100
00:42:03,840 --> 00:42:05,280
<i>that Laird was born with</i>

1101
00:42:05,320 --> 00:42:08,120
<i>have been reinforced</i>

1102
00:42:05,320 --> 00:42:08,120
<i>by his upbringing.</i>

1103
00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:11,040
<i>Both nature and nurture</i>

1104
00:42:08,160 --> 00:42:11,040
<i>working together</i>

1105
00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:13,400
<i>to push him to attempt</i>

1106
00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:13,400
<i>the impossible.</i>

1107
00:42:19,560 --> 00:42:20,720
Daddy!

1108
00:42:21,800 --> 00:42:23,600
[woman] I think he has fear.

1109
00:42:23,640 --> 00:42:25,840
He just is

1110
00:42:23,640 --> 00:42:25,840
able to process it

1111
00:42:25,880 --> 00:42:27,160
and use it in

1112
00:42:25,880 --> 00:42:27,160
a different way than,

1113
00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:29,480
let's say,

1114
00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:29,480
someone like myself.

1115
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:31,200
Can I race ya?

1116
00:42:29,520 --> 00:42:31,200
Can I race ya?

1117
00:42:32,040 --> 00:42:33,320
<i>I think he needs that</i>

1118
00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:35,400
to feel like he's

1119
00:42:33,360 --> 00:42:35,400
really living,

1120
00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:37,200
and when he doesn't

1121
00:42:35,440 --> 00:42:37,200
do it enough,

1122
00:42:37,240 --> 00:42:39,800
I feel like he sort of feels

1123
00:42:37,240 --> 00:42:39,800
like his life is wasting.

1124
00:42:41,280 --> 00:42:42,880
[Laird] Are we

1125
00:42:41,280 --> 00:42:42,880
gonna play Whoa?

1126
00:42:42,920 --> 00:42:44,640
[children] Yeah!

1127
00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:45,720
[Laird] Here we go.

1128
00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:45,720
Watch out.

1129
00:42:45,760 --> 00:42:46,880
Don't get thrown over!

1130
00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:50,720
-[girl] Whoa!

1131
00:42:46,920 --> 00:42:50,720
-[both laughing]

1132
00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:53,240
[narrator]<i> And Laird is</i>

1133
00:42:50,760 --> 00:42:53,240
<i>raising his own children</i>

1134
00:42:53,280 --> 00:42:55,160
<i>in the same way he was.</i>

1135
00:42:55,640 --> 00:42:56,760
Whoa!

1136
00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:59,960
-[girl] Whoa, Dad!

1137
00:42:56,800 --> 00:42:59,960
-[laughing]

1138
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,400
[Laird] The problem is

1139
00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:01,400
once you play Whoa,

1140
00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:03,240
you wanna play Whoa

1141
00:43:01,440 --> 00:43:03,240
every time.

1142
00:43:03,280 --> 00:43:04,640
[girl]<i> Whoa!</i>

1143
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:06,800
[woman]

1144
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:06,800
Oh, that's good, Reece.

1145
00:43:04,680 --> 00:43:06,800
You're getting him up.

1146
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:12,040
Laird taught Reece to drive

1147
00:43:10,520 --> 00:43:12,040
a jet-ski by herself

1148
00:43:12,080 --> 00:43:13,960
at three and half,

1149
00:43:12,080 --> 00:43:13,960
literally.

1150
00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:18,040
[Laird]<i> I want them</i>

1151
00:43:16,400 --> 00:43:18,040
<i>to find their...</i>

1152
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:20,320
<i>their passion, their love,</i>

1153
00:43:18,080 --> 00:43:20,320
<i>and I want it to be theirs.</i>

1154
00:43:20,360 --> 00:43:23,040
And if they like, and if

1155
00:43:20,360 --> 00:43:23,040
it has to do with going fast

1156
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:26,760
or doing something

1157
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:26,760
a little bit scary,

1158
00:43:23,080 --> 00:43:26,760
so be it.

1159
00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:41,680
[narrator]<i> But as well as</i>

1160
00:43:39,680 --> 00:43:41,680
<i>thrill-seeking,</i>

1161
00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:44,880
<i>there are other telltale</i>

1162
00:43:41,720 --> 00:43:44,880
<i>signs that could reveal</i>

1163
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:48,480
<i>how each and every one of us</i>

1164
00:43:44,920 --> 00:43:48,480
<i>may have been affected</i>

1165
00:43:48,520 --> 00:43:50,680
<i>at this crucial moment</i>

1166
00:43:48,520 --> 00:43:50,680
<i>in the womb.</i>

1167
00:43:56,840 --> 00:44:00,680
<i>Greater exposure</i>

1168
00:43:56,840 --> 00:44:00,680
<i>to testosterone before birth</i>

1169
00:43:56,840 --> 00:44:00,680
<i>has been linked to</i>

1170
00:44:00,720 --> 00:44:02,360
<i>how competitive we are.</i>

1171
00:44:08,440 --> 00:44:10,000
[man]<i> I love to win.</i>

1172
00:44:10,040 --> 00:44:11,880
I want to make sure

1173
00:44:10,040 --> 00:44:11,880
that I'm the one

1174
00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:13,840
that stands on top

1175
00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:13,840
of the podium

1176
00:44:11,920 --> 00:44:13,840
at the end of the day.

1177
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:19,080
[woman]<i> Working in</i>

1178
00:44:18,000 --> 00:44:19,080
<i>a male environment,</i>

1179
00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:20,840
<i>everything I do is</i>

1180
00:44:19,120 --> 00:44:20,840
<i>just competitive.</i>

1181
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:23,960
I hate losing.

1182
00:44:22,040 --> 00:44:23,960
I hate losing.

1183
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:26,480
It's just one of

1184
00:44:24,000 --> 00:44:26,480
my pet hates.

1185
00:44:26,520 --> 00:44:28,960
[narrator]<i> But this doesn't</i>

1186
00:44:26,520 --> 00:44:28,960
<i>only apply to sports.</i>

1187
00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:36,080
<i>It also plays out</i>

1188
00:44:33,200 --> 00:44:36,080
<i>in other areas of life.</i>

1189
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:42,960
<i>And even affects how many</i>

1190
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:42,960
<i>risks we take at work.</i>

1191
00:44:44,840 --> 00:44:50,080
I do sky-diving. I enjoy

1192
00:44:44,840 --> 00:44:50,080
that and I like trading.

1193
00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:52,880
[man]<i> I definitely trade</i>

1194
00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:52,880
<i>how I am, which,</i>

1195
00:44:50,120 --> 00:44:52,880
<i>I think, is with</i>

1196
00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:56,400
<i>intuition rather than</i>

1197
00:44:52,920 --> 00:44:56,400
<i>deep theoretical analysis.</i>

1198
00:44:56,440 --> 00:44:58,440
<i>When there is volatility,</i>

1199
00:44:56,440 --> 00:44:58,440
<i>when there is momentum,</i>

1200
00:44:58,480 --> 00:44:59,960
<i>it works out fantastically.</i>

1201
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:01,720
When the markets

1202
00:45:00,000 --> 00:45:01,720
are quiet, I must be

1203
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:06,160
escorted out of the building

1204
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:06,160
and kept away from

1205
00:45:01,760 --> 00:45:06,160
all trading terminals.

1206
00:45:06,200 --> 00:45:08,680
[narrator]<i> And there's a</i>

1207
00:45:06,200 --> 00:45:08,680
<i>surprising clue as</i>

1208
00:45:06,200 --> 00:45:08,680
<i>to how much</i>

1209
00:45:08,720 --> 00:45:11,400
<i>testosterone we may have</i>

1210
00:45:08,720 --> 00:45:11,400
<i>been exposed to.</i>

1211
00:45:17,440 --> 00:45:18,920
<i>A clue that can be found</i>

1212
00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:21,440
<i>by looking at the length</i>

1213
00:45:18,960 --> 00:45:21,440
<i>of the ring finger.</i>

1214
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:25,800
<i>According to one study</i>

1215
00:45:23,040 --> 00:45:25,800
<i>on city traders,</i>

1216
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,360
<i>the longer the ring finger</i>

1217
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,360
<i>compared to</i>

1218
00:45:25,840 --> 00:45:29,360
<i>the index finger,</i>

1219
00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:31,440
<i>the greater</i>

1220
00:45:29,400 --> 00:45:31,440
<i>the financial success.</i>

1221
00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:35,240
<i>Whether you're</i>

1222
00:45:33,440 --> 00:45:35,240
<i>a stock-market trader,</i>

1223
00:45:36,120 --> 00:45:37,440
<i>a go-cart racer,</i>

1224
00:45:38,960 --> 00:45:42,880
<i>or a champion surfer,</i>

1225
00:45:38,960 --> 00:45:42,880
<i>what happened at week 15</i>

1226
00:45:42,920 --> 00:45:45,960
<i>could have affected</i>

1227
00:45:42,920 --> 00:45:45,960
<i>how you behave today.</i>

1228
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,800
The length of my ring finger

1229
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,800
and the length of

1230
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,800
my index finger

1231
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,960
are substantially different,

1232
00:45:48,840 --> 00:45:51,960
which I guess

1233
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,880
leads to a lot

1234
00:45:52,000 --> 00:45:54,880
of my problems. [laughs]

1235
00:45:58,200 --> 00:46:00,600
[narrator]<i> Testosterone</i>

1236
00:45:58,200 --> 00:46:00,600
<i>has a dramatic impact</i>

1237
00:46:00,640 --> 00:46:05,160
<i>on our personality, but</i>

1238
00:46:00,640 --> 00:46:05,160
<i>this hormone is so powerful</i>

1239
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,800
<i>and the brain and body</i>

1240
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,800
<i>are so exquisitely</i>

1241
00:46:05,200 --> 00:46:08,800
<i>sensitive to it,</i>

1242
00:46:08,840 --> 00:46:11,680
<i>that its influence</i>

1243
00:46:08,840 --> 00:46:11,680
<i>doesn't end here.</i>

1244
00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:19,120
<i>It may also have an impact</i>

1245
00:46:15,760 --> 00:46:19,120
<i>on the feeling we have</i>

1246
00:46:19,160 --> 00:46:21,120
<i>of being male or female.</i>

1247
00:46:22,200 --> 00:46:24,160
<i>What we call our gender.</i>

1248
00:46:33,480 --> 00:46:37,280
<i>And testosterone</i>

1249
00:46:33,480 --> 00:46:37,280
<i>might actually alter</i>

1250
00:46:33,480 --> 00:46:37,280
<i>the very structure</i>

1251
00:46:37,320 --> 00:46:38,480
<i>of the brain...</i>

1252
00:46:40,160 --> 00:46:41,680
<i>Making it male.</i>

1253
00:46:46,480 --> 00:46:49,040
<i>But this happens</i>

1254
00:46:46,480 --> 00:46:49,040
<i>almost two months after</i>

1255
00:46:49,080 --> 00:46:52,040
<i>the sex of our body</i>

1256
00:46:49,080 --> 00:46:52,040
<i>becomes male or female.</i>

1257
00:46:54,720 --> 00:46:57,040
<i>So, sometimes</i>

1258
00:46:54,720 --> 00:46:57,040
<i>the body's physiology</i>

1259
00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:02,000
<i>and the feeling of gender</i>

1260
00:46:58,720 --> 00:47:02,000
<i>don't match.</i>

1261
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:15,480
<i>Seven-year-old Mati appears</i>

1262
00:47:12,160 --> 00:47:15,480
<i>to be a typical girl.</i>

1263
00:47:18,600 --> 00:47:20,360
<i>But she's in a boy's body.</i>

1264
00:47:23,720 --> 00:47:25,240
<i>She's transgender.</i>

1265
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,240
It kind of means that

1266
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,240
your mom and dad think

1267
00:47:28,800 --> 00:47:32,240
you're a boy,

1268
00:47:33,120 --> 00:47:35,480
then you're actually a girl.

1269
00:47:35,520 --> 00:47:37,640
So, you have to change

1270
00:47:35,520 --> 00:47:37,640
all of that.

1271
00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:42,280
She just seemed

1272
00:47:39,320 --> 00:47:42,280
like a regular baby.

1273
00:47:42,320 --> 00:47:44,920
<i>Nothing out of the ordinary.</i>

1274
00:47:44,960 --> 00:47:48,120
We taught her baby sign

1275
00:47:44,960 --> 00:47:48,120
early on, which was great

1276
00:47:48,160 --> 00:47:50,920
because she was

1277
00:47:48,160 --> 00:47:50,920
able to communicate

1278
00:47:48,160 --> 00:47:50,920
with us early.

1279
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:53,320
<i>Except that then we were</i>

1280
00:47:50,960 --> 00:47:53,320
<i>thinking that we were</i>

1281
00:47:53,360 --> 00:47:55,480
<i>getting to know "him,"</i>

1282
00:47:53,360 --> 00:47:55,480
<i>Matthias.</i>

1283
00:48:00,600 --> 00:48:02,200
Noah, come.

1284
00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:08,200
[man]<i> At the age of one</i>

1285
00:48:05,400 --> 00:48:08,200
<i>and a half is, I would say,</i>

1286
00:48:08,240 --> 00:48:11,200
when we started noticing

1287
00:48:08,240 --> 00:48:11,200
a difference.

1288
00:48:11,240 --> 00:48:14,640
<i>It was around that time</i>

1289
00:48:11,240 --> 00:48:14,640
<i>that Mati, Matthias</i>

1290
00:48:11,240 --> 00:48:14,640
<i>at that point,</i>

1291
00:48:14,680 --> 00:48:16,800
<i>was able to communicate</i>

1292
00:48:14,680 --> 00:48:16,800
<i>more with us</i>

1293
00:48:16,840 --> 00:48:19,080
and express preferences

1294
00:48:19,120 --> 00:48:23,360
for, um, clothing,

1295
00:48:23,400 --> 00:48:26,360
for, uh, games and toys.

1296
00:48:28,120 --> 00:48:30,240
[Mati] Come on,

1297
00:48:28,120 --> 00:48:30,240
let's get in the tent.

1298
00:48:30,760 --> 00:48:31,960
[Noah] Okay.

1299
00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:34,760
You can kind

1300
00:48:33,240 --> 00:48:34,760
of see a rainbow.

1301
00:48:35,160 --> 00:48:36,320
Right?

1302
00:48:36,360 --> 00:48:37,720
Yup. It's a light.

1303
00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:41,440
[Noah] Look into my eyes.

1304
00:48:37,760 --> 00:48:41,440
Look into my eyes.

1305
00:48:41,480 --> 00:48:44,200
[Mati]<i> I don't think I'm</i>

1306
00:48:41,480 --> 00:48:44,200
<i>different from him</i>

1307
00:48:41,480 --> 00:48:44,200
<i>except that</i>

1308
00:48:44,240 --> 00:48:46,360
<i>he's a boy and I'm a girl.</i>

1309
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:49,240
This is my bathing suit

1310
00:48:46,400 --> 00:48:49,240
I made up.

1311
00:48:49,280 --> 00:48:51,640
No, no. Oh! Wait.

1312
00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:54,240
Boys are

1313
00:48:51,680 --> 00:48:54,240
a little more active

1314
00:48:54,280 --> 00:48:57,840
and girls are

1315
00:48:54,280 --> 00:48:57,840
a little more calm.

1316
00:48:59,200 --> 00:49:01,880
What? Spider-Man!

1317
00:49:02,760 --> 00:49:05,560
Help! Spider-Man, help!

1318
00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:07,360
I am Spider-Man.

1319
00:49:07,400 --> 00:49:08,600
[Mati] Help! Spider-Man!

1320
00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:10,360
[woman]<i> People have</i>

1321
00:49:08,640 --> 00:49:10,360
<i>all sorts of ideas about</i>

1322
00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:13,720
how it comes to be

1323
00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:13,720
and I think the bottom line

1324
00:49:10,400 --> 00:49:13,720
is it's hard to say how.

1325
00:49:13,760 --> 00:49:15,720
It just... it just is.

1326
00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:17,880
<i>I just know what I see</i>

1327
00:49:15,760 --> 00:49:17,880
<i>and I know that,</i>

1328
00:49:17,920 --> 00:49:19,080
you know, without a doubt

1329
00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:20,640
if you popped all our

1330
00:49:19,120 --> 00:49:20,640
brains out right now,

1331
00:49:20,680 --> 00:49:21,960
her brain would

1332
00:49:20,680 --> 00:49:21,960
match my brain.

1333
00:49:27,280 --> 00:49:29,640
[narrator]<i> We're still</i>

1334
00:49:27,280 --> 00:49:29,640
<i>uncertain why some people,</i>

1335
00:49:29,680 --> 00:49:31,800
<i>like Mati,</i>

1336
00:49:29,680 --> 00:49:31,800
<i>feel the way they do.</i>

1337
00:49:33,520 --> 00:49:35,000
<i>But there are theories.</i>

1338
00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:40,720
<i>One explanation is that</i>

1339
00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:40,720
<i>there's an alteration</i>

1340
00:49:36,920 --> 00:49:40,720
<i>to a gene that</i>

1341
00:49:40,760 --> 00:49:43,560
<i>makes the brain less</i>

1342
00:49:40,760 --> 00:49:43,560
<i>sensitive to testosterone.</i>

1343
00:49:52,440 --> 00:49:56,520
<i>So, Mati's brain followed</i>

1344
00:49:52,440 --> 00:49:56,520
<i>a path more typical</i>

1345
00:49:52,440 --> 00:49:56,520
<i>of a female.</i>

1346
00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:12,520
That's when I was zero

1347
00:50:08,760 --> 00:50:12,520
and that's me

1348
00:50:12,560 --> 00:50:14,640
putting my feet

1349
00:50:12,560 --> 00:50:14,640
in the camera.

1350
00:50:19,280 --> 00:50:22,800
I think I was about three,

1351
00:50:22,840 --> 00:50:25,040
three when I started

1352
00:50:22,840 --> 00:50:25,040
growing long hair.

1353
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:29,720
[woman]<i> She turned five</i>

1354
00:50:27,520 --> 00:50:29,720
<i>shortly after that,</i>

1355
00:50:29,760 --> 00:50:33,960
she started kindergarten,

1356
00:50:29,760 --> 00:50:33,960
and I knew in my heart

1357
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,160
that she needed to start

1358
00:50:34,000 --> 00:50:36,160
as a girl because

1359
00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:41,240
she was going to be meeting

1360
00:50:36,200 --> 00:50:41,240
friends who she would have

1361
00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:42,960
through eighth grade

1362
00:50:41,280 --> 00:50:42,960
and beyond.

1363
00:50:44,960 --> 00:50:48,360
<i>And she transitioned</i>

1364
00:50:44,960 --> 00:50:48,360
<i>first at school.</i>

1365
00:50:48,400 --> 00:50:51,880
<i>A lot of people</i>

1366
00:50:48,400 --> 00:50:51,880
<i>in the family</i>

1367
00:50:48,400 --> 00:50:51,880
<i>and even some of our friends</i>

1368
00:50:51,920 --> 00:50:54,480
<i>were still beginning</i>

1369
00:50:51,920 --> 00:50:54,480
<i>to understand</i>

1370
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:56,720
<i>what... what we were</i>

1371
00:50:54,520 --> 00:50:56,720
<i>looking at</i>

1372
00:50:56,760 --> 00:51:00,040
and what is happening

1373
00:50:56,760 --> 00:51:00,040
with Matthias

1374
00:51:00,080 --> 00:51:02,440
and what is being

1375
00:51:00,080 --> 00:51:02,440
transgender, you know, so,

1376
00:51:02,480 --> 00:51:04,600
that was all still

1377
00:51:02,480 --> 00:51:04,600
relatively new to us,

1378
00:51:04,640 --> 00:51:07,400
but I knew if nothing

1379
00:51:04,640 --> 00:51:07,400
else, that at school

1380
00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:10,720
it was important for her

1381
00:51:07,440 --> 00:51:10,720
to be seen for who she was.

1382
00:51:10,760 --> 00:51:13,720
[narrator]<i> So Mati</i>

1383
00:51:10,760 --> 00:51:13,720
<i>successfully managed</i>

1384
00:51:10,760 --> 00:51:13,720
<i>to convince her parents</i>

1385
00:51:13,760 --> 00:51:16,560
<i>that he was a she.</i>

1386
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:19,960
<i>She changed her name and by</i>

1387
00:51:16,600 --> 00:51:19,960
<i>the time she started school,</i>

1388
00:51:20,000 --> 00:51:21,600
<i>she was officially a girl.</i>

1389
00:51:22,520 --> 00:51:23,880
This is when I was six.

1390
00:51:23,920 --> 00:51:25,520
All this is when I was six.

1391
00:51:27,040 --> 00:51:28,600
[man]<i> The thing</i>

1392
00:51:27,040 --> 00:51:28,600
<i>that I've found hard</i>

1393
00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:31,960
<i>it's like it's my</i>

1394
00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:31,960
<i>little boy and...</i>

1395
00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:31,960
<i>and you wanted to play</i>

1396
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,880
and, and you have

1397
00:51:32,000 --> 00:51:33,880
this vision and things

1398
00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:36,040
that you're gonna be

1399
00:51:33,920 --> 00:51:36,040
doing with your little boy

1400
00:51:36,080 --> 00:51:37,480
and... and it's pretty hard.

1401
00:51:37,520 --> 00:51:39,320
<i>It's something that</i>

1402
00:51:37,520 --> 00:51:39,320
<i>you think about,</i>

1403
00:51:39,360 --> 00:51:41,720
<i>"Well, how is it gonna be</i>

1404
00:51:39,360 --> 00:51:41,720
<i>with the family,</i>

1405
00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:43,160
<i>with the friends,</i>

1406
00:51:41,760 --> 00:51:43,160
<i>with neighbors,</i>

1407
00:51:43,200 --> 00:51:46,120
and everyone in the

1408
00:51:43,200 --> 00:51:46,120
community and at work?"

1409
00:51:46,160 --> 00:51:47,800
And then also,

1410
00:51:46,160 --> 00:51:47,800
"What's that gonna say

1411
00:51:47,840 --> 00:51:49,720
about...

1412
00:51:47,840 --> 00:51:49,720
about me as a father?"

1413
00:51:54,880 --> 00:51:58,280
[woman]<i> I was told that</i>

1414
00:51:54,880 --> 00:51:58,280
<i>the doctors will watch for</i>

1415
00:51:58,320 --> 00:52:00,000
<i>the stages of puberty.</i>

1416
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:03,120
<i>They block the testosterone</i>

1417
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:03,120
<i>that would be coming</i>

1418
00:52:00,040 --> 00:52:03,120
<i>through her body</i>

1419
00:52:03,160 --> 00:52:07,280
<i>and my hope is that she</i>

1420
00:52:03,160 --> 00:52:07,280
<i>could take cross hormones</i>

1421
00:52:07,320 --> 00:52:10,800
<i>and be on the same</i>

1422
00:52:07,320 --> 00:52:10,800
<i>time frame as her peers,</i>

1423
00:52:10,840 --> 00:52:12,560
<i>female peers</i>

1424
00:52:10,840 --> 00:52:12,560
<i>in terms of puberty.</i>

1425
00:52:14,160 --> 00:52:16,280
[narrator]<i> Estimates</i>

1426
00:52:14,160 --> 00:52:16,280
<i>vary, but perhaps</i>

1427
00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:21,040
<i>one in 10,000 of us</i>

1428
00:52:16,320 --> 00:52:21,040
<i>is transgender.</i>

1429
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:24,320
[woman]<i> This is</i>

1430
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:24,320
<i>just another variation</i>

1431
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:24,320
<i>of human condition.</i>

1432
00:52:24,360 --> 00:52:26,920
<i>How we come out.</i>

1433
00:52:26,960 --> 00:52:30,200
<i>It might not be crazy,</i>

1434
00:52:26,960 --> 00:52:30,200
<i>rampant, happening</i>

1435
00:52:26,960 --> 00:52:30,200
<i>all around you,</i>

1436
00:52:30,240 --> 00:52:34,000
but it's happening,

1437
00:52:30,240 --> 00:52:34,000
and as people are finding

1438
00:52:34,040 --> 00:52:35,720
the confidence to

1439
00:52:34,040 --> 00:52:35,720
stand up and say,

1440
00:52:35,760 --> 00:52:38,880
"Yes, that's happening

1441
00:52:35,760 --> 00:52:38,880
in my family,"

1442
00:52:35,760 --> 00:52:38,880
you'll probably realize,

1443
00:52:38,920 --> 00:52:40,200
"Hey, that happened

1444
00:52:38,920 --> 00:52:40,200
with my neighbor,

1445
00:52:40,240 --> 00:52:41,480
that happened

1446
00:52:40,240 --> 00:52:41,480
with my cousin,

1447
00:52:41,520 --> 00:52:42,640
that happened with

1448
00:52:41,520 --> 00:52:42,640
my co-worker."

1449
00:52:56,080 --> 00:52:58,160
[narrator]<i> We are all</i>

1450
00:52:56,080 --> 00:52:58,160
<i>shaped by what happened</i>

1451
00:52:58,200 --> 00:53:00,040
<i>in the months before</i>

1452
00:52:58,200 --> 00:53:00,040
<i>we were born.</i>

1453
00:53:01,640 --> 00:53:03,320
<i>Everything from our sex...</i>

1454
00:53:08,600 --> 00:53:10,360
<i>To the color of our skin...</i>

1455
00:53:16,200 --> 00:53:18,080
<i>The way we smile...</i>

1456
00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:24,080
<i>And even our</i>

1457
00:53:21,400 --> 00:53:24,080
<i>very personality.</i>

1458
00:53:28,720 --> 00:53:31,200
<i>The middle weeks in the womb</i>

1459
00:53:28,720 --> 00:53:31,200
<i>have been a time of</i>

1460
00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:33,640
<i>rapid development</i>

1461
00:53:31,240 --> 00:53:33,640
<i>and personalization.</i>

1462
00:53:38,640 --> 00:53:40,200
<i>Moment by moment...</i>

1463
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:45,720
<i>different, one-of-a-kind</i>

1464
00:53:42,400 --> 00:53:45,720
<i>aspects of us were formed.</i>

1465
00:53:50,720 --> 00:53:52,880
<i>Each change is the result</i>

1466
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:55,440
<i>of an infinite number</i>

1467
00:53:52,920 --> 00:53:55,440
<i>of possibilities.</i>

1468
00:53:57,240 --> 00:54:03,120
<i>And it's these differences,</i>

1469
00:53:57,240 --> 00:54:03,120
<i>forged long before</i>

1470
00:53:57,240 --> 00:54:03,120
<i>we were born,</i>

1471
00:54:03,160 --> 00:54:06,720
<i>that make each</i>

1472
00:54:03,160 --> 00:54:06,720
<i>and every one of us</i>

1473
00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:12,200
<i>the extraordinary, varied,</i>

1474
00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:12,200
<i>and unique creatures we are.</i>

1475
00:54:21,560 --> 00:54:24,880
<i>Next time,</i>

1476
00:54:21,560 --> 00:54:24,880
<i>the final 16 weeks.</i>

1477
00:54:26,400 --> 00:54:28,120
[laughs]

1478
00:54:28,160 --> 00:54:30,040
[narrator]

1479
00:54:28,160 --> 00:54:30,040
<i>Our senses switch on.</i>

1480
00:54:34,320 --> 00:54:35,880
<i>Bones harden.</i>

1481
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:43,680
<i>And our lungs get ready</i>

1482
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:43,680
<i>for us to take</i>

1483
00:54:39,400 --> 00:54:43,680
<i>our first breath.</i>